Religion Is Not A Single Term - 1613 Words

A term or more even a specific aspect in life, which is believed to be existent during the start of the world and hopefully will never be extinct is, Religion. How, why and where exactly religion formed, is a question that is universal, meaning many different religions have a variety of stories for these answers. The true definition of religion cannot be stated in one sentence. It is more of a question based an individual’s belief toward his/her religion. However, the basic ideology of religion is the belief in sacred objects such as Gods and supernatural beings. These beliefs are not just simply a belief. It is a belief that gives faithful worshippers answers to a certain extent of the true meaning of the sentient beings existence. There are a variety of different religions that exist in today’s world, hence the reason why Religion is not a single term. However, the following paper will only focus on Buddhist religion. Buddhism is said to have existed for more than 2,5 00 years, which surrounds a variety of beliefs, traditions and practices. All of which gives sentiment beings the true meaning and purpose of life. Particularly about death, rebirth and suffering (Strong 2008). Buddhism is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who is also known as the Buddha. Siddhartha Gautama is considered the Buddha because he has attainted complete unsurpassed enlightenment under the Bodhi tree at the age of 35 through extreme meditation (Strong, 2008). The major schools, whichShow MoreRelatedFunctionalist approach to religion1623 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Discuss the functionalist perspective on religion. (20 marks) The functionalist perspective is a consensus theory; it believes that society has a set of shared values and beliefs. Durkheim was the 1st functionalist to develop the idea that religious institutions play a central part in creating and maintaining value consensus, order and solidarity. The anthropologist, Malinowski, built on Durkheims idea and expanded with his own ideas. The functionalists, Parsons and Bellah later added theirRead MoreHumanities 130 Hinduism Paper733 Words   |  3 Pages130 Hinduism is a diverse body of religion, philosophy, and cultural practice native to and predominant in India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being of many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and by a desire for liberation from earthly evils (GodWeb,  n.d.). In this paper I will further explore what the Hindu religion is encompassed of. And delve into what makes the religion of Hinduism vital to the region it is originatedRead MoreHinduism Indian Predominan Religion Essay966 Words   |  4 PagesIndia’s predominant religion is Hinduism, and though the approximate date of which it was lain down is unknown, Hinduism was established and founded by the Aryans, who arrived in India at approximately 1500 BCE. Hinduism can be said to have been inspired by and emerged from the Vedic religion; however the simple fact that the core of Hinduism comes from the Vedic period does not denote that the complex the ological thought that is behind it was also developed during that period. The Vedic period goesRead MoreThe Central Intelligence Agency Defines Terrorism1505 Words   |  7 PagesWilliamson November 13, 2015 Paper 2 – Question 2 The Central Intelligence Agency defines terrorism as â€Å"premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents† (CIA). This term was specifically created to differentiate terrorism between other acts of violence. These doings of terrorism are not just any act but are specific acts of violence. A dominant reason behind terrorism tends to fall upon religious beliefs and cultureRead MoreThe Religions Of Hinduism And Buddhism1587 Words   |  7 Pagesespecially in the United States, there are many religions and beliefs practiced. While many individuals hold different beliefs, Mercadante (2014) questions whether or not Americans actually still believe in God? While he notes that data shows rates of rates of non-affiliated and non-attenders has risen dramatically since the 1950s,† such statistics can be misleading as people apply different meaning to the word God (Chapter 5). IN this paper, the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism will be further reviewedRead MoreDimensions of Diversity1127 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Each and every individual has his own unique characteristics that set him or her apart from other people. In that case, diversity as a term is used to denote any dimension utilized to bring out or identify the various differences between people and groups. It is important to note that today, with the world increasingly becoming a truly global village, it has become necessary for individuals to appreciate and embrace differences in others. In this text, I define diversity and highlightRead MoreComparative Religions Encyclopedia Of The Jewish People1277 Words   |  6 Pages Comparative Religions Encyclopedia Kenneth Ayres period 1 A. Abraham: Abraham and the individuals that followed him and believed what he believed, were the founders of judaism. The history of the jewish people goes back to the bronze age, somewhere in the middle east. God had provided a nomad leader for the people, and he was named Abraham. Allah: Allah is literally the islamic word for god. Allah is the only god of the Islamic religion. Allah has no gender, and allah is used as respectedRead More How do I keep my own biases and my own history from allowing me to understand new information?1056 Words   |  5 Pagestextbook black family stereotype I am the last of six children, my mother having had children by different men, the home being on public assistance, growing up in a single parent household and church every Sunday. With a deceased father at the age of seven I became one of the 49% according to familyfacts.org that grew up in a single family household lead by a mother only. I felt different then as I do now in the way I think and process information from a vast majority of people I am related to andRead MoreHinduism Essay993 Words   |  4 Pagesliving religion since some elements of it date back thousands of years; Hinduism has no single founder, no single scripture, and no commonly agreed set of teachings d espite many key figures and numerous holy books that might indicate otherwise. Hence why Hinduism is often referred to as a â€Å"way of life† and why it makes sense that the religion was informed by so many external conditions around its â€Å"birth† (BBC Religion Profile, Hinduism) For instance even though the birth of the term â€Å"Hindu†Read MoreA Linguistic Term For Indo European And Indian History1164 Words   |  5 PagesARYANS ‘Aryan’ is a linguistic term for ‘Indo-European’ (Robert Westad 2014a). The Aryans brought to India no culture so advanced as that of Harappans (Robert Westad 2014a). When the Aryans appear writing disappeared and does not come back until the middle of the first millennium BCE. Cities were reinvented by the Aryans, which lack the elaboration and order of the gridded pattern of Harappans (Robert Westad 2014a). When the Aryans migrated into the Indus Valley they brought with them a culture

Adavantages and Disadavantages of Being the Only Child Free Essays

Being an only child can be either good or bad, depending on how you perceive it and how you are brought up by your parents. The advantages could be that you get the undivided love and attention of your parents. They would dote on you more and provide for you more – in terms of getting you stuff, toys, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Adavantages and Disadavantages of Being the Only Child or any similar topic only for you Order Now Obviously, being an only child means that your parents have only you to spend the money on and not have to share it among other siblings. So, you’d get more toys than normal, more money to spend than normal, more inheritance than normal, and of course more love from your parents than normal. So, in that sense, being the only child can be termed as a good thing. As far as disadvantages go, the â€Å"Little Emperor Syndrome† sums it up perfectly. For those unfamiliar with the term, â€Å"Little Emperor Syndrome† refers to the Chinese situation involving parents and their single child. Of course, all of you would be aware of China’s one-child policy. Little Emperor Syndrome is an unintended consequence of that policy. This is a situation in which the parents lavish their love, attention, resources on this one child of theirs, and as a result, the child becomes spoilt and, well, behaves like a â€Å"Little Emperor. This sort of excessive attention and care can prove detrimental in the long term for the child. The child gets used to having everything done, managed, taken care of – by their parents. When they have to live in the real world and face real problems, they might not be able to cope with it. They may lack self-confidence to go out in the world and get things done for themselves. They might feel lost outside of the cocoon that their parents created for them. Being an only child can also be very lonely. They would miss the fun of growing up with a brother or sister. An only child can also grow up to be a selfish adult, i. e. one who thinks primarily of his/her needs over the needs of others. They may also lack in the ability to empathize with others as much as children with siblings. Another potential disadvantage of being an only child could be the excess burden on your shoulders as regards taking care of your parents, for example. It can take an emotional toll on you, being the only child with all the responsibilities. My Experience of not Being the Only Child in my Family So, there are advantages and disadvantages to being an only child. However, how each child turns out – really depends on how the child has been brought up, among other factors. Personally, I always wished I was the only child in my family. Perhaps, its not a nice thing to say, but that’s how I feel! You know, the grass always seems greener on the other side. In my specific situation, the age gap between me and my brother was just 3 years, and therefore, there was a lot of rivalry and acrimony between us all through childhood – it affected me quite a bit, not the usual childhood fights, which you grow out of. Being the eldest in my family, I always felt that I was not treated fairly when it came to certain situations, especially conflict situations. I was always expected to be magnanimous and large-hearted and forgive and forget – whereas my younger brother was doted on and shielded. I still feel that to be the case to this day. We do get along much better now, but it isn’t your usual loving relationship – more formal than familial. My mom still dotes on my little brother to no end, which is good, but she doesn’t see me the same way, which is what I regret and bemoan. I’ve never quite understood this difference. At times, I think to myself that this is all my imagination – that I am just seeing things that aren’t there! That there is really no discrimination so to speak. But, then again, there is a difference, you know what I mean? Perhaps, a lot of you would have no clue about what I am talking about. Then again, there may be a lot of you who know exactly what I am talking about, so there you have it!! I am sure, there would be lots of single, lonely people out there, who were the only child in their families, who would have wished they had a brother or sister growing up. So, there are pros and cons to both! How to cite Adavantages and Disadavantages of Being the Only Child, Papers

Information Technology in Hotel Industry - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Information Technology in Hotel Industry. Answer: Information Technology in the hotel industry, as in all other branches of the economy, is subject to constant changes that directly affect the productivity of the hotel business. Today the changes are becoming deeper and the speed of technological evolution increases exponentially. The natural resistance to change is more evident in this field due to the need to be permanently updated, or to have enough help to keep us abreast of the advances and possibilities offered by technology (Collin, 2002). However, taking advantage of information technological advantages will allow the management to gain a lot of distance from the rest of the competitors and improve the efficiency of our businesses. This is evidenced in the Australian market , which shows that the hotel industry is a leading sector in the use of technologies. Experience has shown that the commitment to information technology is a strategic factor, both from the point of view of the new chain of hotels and the hotel sector in particular (Feng, Stocklin, Wang, n.d.). In this sense, it is essential that hotels approach technology, but not in an abstract way, but, above all, depending on the particularities of each establishment. The implementation of technology in the hotels must be carefully systematized, and respond to several levels in which the organization makes the most of each tool. To this end, hotels should consider six basic areas on which to work to bring maximum potential to technology (Gray, Liguori, 2003). How Information Technology Issues affects Patronage and Customer Choice Completes completeness of all processes. All elements of the system must be connected to each other, ie the hotel must be connected to the market, through online distribution systems (in permanent update), integrated with the corresponding reservation management module in the Reception of the hotel, and integrated with the commercial management (CRM) (Inouye Alan S., Blumenthal, Mitchell, 2003). From the point of view of customer perception, a service such as making a reservation, and even check-in at the hotel from a smartphone during the trip, or receive information from the hotel and where to park bring an added value increasingly valued , Which accommodations must be prepared to provide to their guests. This will enable the hotel to attract more customers and loyalty for the hotel. In order for the integration of the management systems to be complete and have a real impact on the business, it must have complete automation that allows the accounting system to obtain the necessary reports for the management control , as well as to perform the analysis from the different perspectives of the management (Kainthola, 2009). It is about eliminating the manual introduction of data and opting for a single process, which prevents the registration of data in the system that had previously been entered. All this results in the reliability and accessibility of the information, which, at the same time, means saving on working time and avoiding repetitive revisions and corrections. This improves efficiency in the hotel which improves customers loyalty to the Stay together hotel. Each hotel has its own needs, different from those of other establishments and, therefore, must operate with an optimal structure. As bad is the technology defect as the excess. On the one hand, giving up its advantages will leave us out of play in our business relationships, deprive them of market insight, slow down processes and reduce the managements ability to analyze and make decisions (Wright, 2009). On the other hand, embarking on an overly complex website will slow down their movements and deplete unnecessary energy in areas that are not the core of the business (core business) that is hosting management (Stoyles, Pentland, Demant, 2004). For this reason, being surrounded by professionals who are experts in this subject is the most advisable option, since it means achieving the optimal structure and the correct operation of technological systems, which translates into cost savings and greater efficiency and productivity. The technological model has to be flexible enough to adapt to business developments effortlessly. Thus, growth in activity, opening of new lines of business, inclusion in new fields of action, opening of new establishments, etc. are circumstances that must be anticipated and able to attend to the technology we use (Stoyles, Pentland, Demant, 2004). There is a cost savings effect after the hotels mergedto give the hotels a competitive advantage. The information technology system is easily upgradeable. Another important factor is that the chain of hotels structure, both hardware and software, can be easily updated, adapting to the evolution of the technological environment. This translates into implementing version updates, applying new utilities, avoiding obsolescence, providing better speeds and increasing security measures; Processes that have to be agile and never traumatic for the hotel. Data security. Regardless of the technological level that the hotel has, a factor that requires the maximum attention is the security of the information. But on the other hand, and more importantly, it has to do with having enough protections to shield information systems from hotel management information leaks, while preventing malware infections, viruses and other malicious intrusions. The advantages of working in the cloud are increasingly evident and its use is increasingly widespread among computer users, and especially in companies that require flexible and adaptable technology solutions that can be quickly resized without major technical difficulties (Stoyles, Pentland, Demant, 2004). Our experience shows that cloud models bring many benefits: investing in converting a traditional model based on economic immobilization with hardware and software to a SaaS (software as a service) model will make a difference for the hotels, especially in the sector Hotelier In this sense, the cloud implies that hotels should see in the software a service that brings great advantages in the hotel's results account and in the daily operations of the establishments. The possibility of paying for use (avoiding oversizing), not having to be aware of backups or updates of programs, not having to invest in servers and their maintenance, are some of the most obvious advantages (Singh, Dewan, 2009). Information Technology offers the opportunity to improve the performance and productivity of hotels and is within the reach of any establishment as long as its managers have the support and knowledge of experienced professionals, who will not only optimize the investment in technology, but also Will provide the most appropriate tools for management, decision making and the achievement of business objectives. The hotels have at their disposal a large number of technological tools that can be used both to improve the efficiency of their internal processes and in their meetings with customers. There are multiple contingency factors related to the use of ICT; Namely the availability of sufficient capital to invest in technology, the presence of qualified staff to develop and / or use technological applications, external advice from technology experts, management's interest in implementing ICT applications, or The investment in technology by the competition, which forces the hotel to renew and innovate (Scott, Nalty, 2013). The use of IT has made the big hotel chains stay in the forefront and always innovating and implementing new ways to satisfy their customers. Hotels become better developed, organized, qualified and competitive, compared to low-level hotels that do not use it (Scott, Nalty, 2013).The hotel industry has developed over time, not only in infrastructure but also in technological advances, large hotels are at the top of the scale in terms of technology, thanks to this their services are of better quality than in other places. These technologies favor the development of customer management tools (CRM), which is a valuable competitive tool adopted mainly by hotel chains in order to identify the most relevant benefits for each customer segment, to ensure that the supply and attributes Of the hotel are consistent with the wishes of the clients and improve the efficiency of the service (Schultz, 2006). The absence of IT system in the fourth category hotel establishments in the city o is worrisome, because due to the lack of knowledge about its existence and the lack of use of technology as a means of organizing hotels cannot generate equitable development and Which allows all hotels in the city to be of quality. Hotels in the fourth category usually do not use information and communication technologies because they are unaware of them, and this causes a very great discomfort, because however small the establishment, it must possess the appropriate technological tools that facilitate the administration Of the place. The continuous satisfaction of the needs and desires of the clients not only requires investment in ICT by the hotel company, but also have personnel trained in the use of technology capable of adding value to the customer's travel experience (Odden, 2012). It is probable that the scarce use of the necessary resources for a good hotel development is due to the non existence of trainings in which the establishments of the fourth category are included, and in the cases where the application of IT exists but with an incorrect handling It is also necessary that you submit your workers to courses where they help make your knowledge better. It is possible that in some hotel establishments there are tools to encourage IT, but they are not used adequately as a means to improve their organization, being limited to following an old process, which does not favor and that rather hurts hotels by not being able to enter To the medium as quality establishments (Odden, 2012). What should the Management of the Hotel do When the management talk about quality, the first thing to think of is at the best level possible. A company that offers the highest level and best satisfies the customer is positioned above its competition taking over much of the market. If the facilities are not properly maintained, the customer service is incorrect, and the animations shine by their absence, that customer will be dissatisfied, will not have fulfilled their expectations and therefore most likely neither return to the hotel nor show their opinion In some Internet portal.It is not to satisfy the first customer perfectly and fail with the rest, but the quality standards must be maintained with all customers. What's more, it must be about improving and offering a better service to each new customer. For it to work, it must be understood by the whole organization.It is important to use an alert system that notifies clients if there has been any publication about the hotel. So every time a client talks about the hotel on an Internet portal about their experience, the management will receive a notice and they will know the opinion of that client. A good website is to be established a system to capture customer opinions. It is important that it is quick and easy, otherwise few customers will carry it out (Murray, Aspinall, 2006). The hotels should have a person or team in charge of the online presence of the hotel that manages the opinions published on the Internet. Monitor social networks. The management of the hotel should be aware of the quality offered and not create expectations above what it can offer, as that sale can end up being detrimental. If the customer is unsatisfied, it will probably reflect it in some way damaging the hotel's reputation.When presenting the hotel offer, the management must offer complete and clear descriptions that reflect the offered service, complement with photographs and opinions of other clients. Selection: When selecting hotel staff, it is very common to focus on "technical" aspects only. However the management has to keep in mind that they will have direct contact with customers and that their satisfaction depends on them (Kirk, 2009). Training: it is necessary to give a training on the offered service, to the point that it knows perfectly all the necessary aspects to offer an optimal and effective customer service. Authority: when supervising the work at the hotel, it must be taken into account that the person who is performing a task is the person who knows best how to do it and therefore, is the most suitable for improving it. It is also important to generate a good working climate: the recognition of the achieved achievements of personal form and together helps to maintain a motivating environment. Promote teamwork: involve workers in business objectives, making them feel part of the success achieved.Provide the necessary tools: analyzing the needs of the staff to attend to clients and investing in the latest technologies involves an efficient and fast performance, showing a great capacity on the part of the hotel when it comes to acting. Nowadays, online presence involves much more than our own website, so being attentive to possible contacts through social networks is very important to show good service and attention. In the same way, participate and answer to the "reviews" of customers in other Internet portals.The staff who handles the reservation calls should be friendly, helpful and well versed in the policies and services offered by the hotel. A high level of satisfaction at this point can positively set the tone for the client's stay (Marchewka, 2015). Each client has different needs and their expectations are not going to be the same. Therefore the management of the hotel should be able to recognize which type of clientele is the one that fits their service offered and communicate it to the rest of the staff receiving specific training to satisfy the customers. References Collin, S. (2002).Dictionary of information technology ;3. ed.. London: Peter Collin Publishing. Feng, J., Stocklin, S., Wang, W.Educational strategies for the next generation leaders in hotel management. Gray, W., Liguori, S. (2003).Hotel and motel management and operations. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: PH/PTR. Inouye Alan S., Blumenthal, M., Mitchell, W. (2003).Beyond productivity. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. Kainthola, V. (2009).Principles of hotel management. Chandni Chowk, Delhi [India]: Global Media. Kirk, A. (2009).Information technology. New York: Ferguson. Marchewka, J. (2015).Information technology project management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Murray, D., Aspinall, A. (2006).Getting IT. London: Jessica Kingsley. Odden, L. (2012).Optimize. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. Schultz, R. (2006).Contemporary issues in ethics and information technology. Hershey, PA: IRM Press. Scott, D., Nalty, K. (2013).Beyond viral. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Singh, U., Dewan, J. (2009).Hotel management. New Delhi: APH Pub. Corp., in association with Indian Institute of Management. Stoyles, P., Pentland, P., Demant, D. (2004).Information technology. North Mankato, Minn.: Smart Apple Media. Stoyles, P., Pentland, P., Demant, D. (2004).Information technology. North Mankato, Minn.: Smart Apple Media. Wright, E. (2009).Federal information technology. New York: Nova Science Publishers.

Shakespeare Essays (315 words) - Kings Men, William Shakespeare

Shakespeare Shakespeare was born April 23, 1564 in the town of Stratford, England. His father, John Shakespeare was a glove maker and his mother May Arden inherited land so they had some money. As a result of his father having money he did not have to stay home and help out as much. He probably unlike many other children at that time attended the town's free school. At the age of eighteen Shakespeare married Anne Hathawy November 27, 1582 who was eight years older then him. He had three children his first was Susanna then twins Hamnet and Judith. For most of his life he lived in London and had very little to do with Stratford. He listed as a member of the Lord Chamberlains Company, which is a troupe of actors in 1594. By the mid 1590s his plays were extremely popular, he was once rated by a critic as the best author of both tragedy and comedy. In 1599 the Lord Chamberlains Company built the Globe Theater. In the year 1608 the Lord Chamberlains Company acquired control of the Blackfriars, which at that time was the only theater within the limits of London. Shakespeare was a shareholder in both of these theaters. This suggests that Shakespeare might have been a businessman as well as an actor and playwright. In Shakespeare began to write plays for his troop Lord Chamberlains Company. In writing his plays he had to take several things into account. Some examples are the skills of the actors in his troop, and also that all of the actors were men, because of the fact that no women were allowed to perform at that time. By 1592 he was recognized as a successful actor, also as a poet. During his life he wrote at least 36 plays. Between 1611 and 1613 he bought a house in Stratford and retired from the theater. He did at the age of 52 on his birthday. His was buried and remains at the Church of Holy Trinity in Stratford.

The Descent of Hag

The Descent of Hag The Descent of Hag The Descent of Hag By Mark Nichol The headline of this post uses descent in two senses: This post discusses the etymological origin of hag, but it also points out how the connotation of the term has plummeted in status. The contemporary connotation of hag is â€Å"old woman,† with additional senses of a careless, ugly, or evil appearance; the offensive term â€Å"fag hag† refers to a straight woman who associates with gay men. In the Middle Ages, the term referred to a female demon or an evil spirit, but it was originally associated with highly respected oracles, or soothsayers. Hag is the truncated version of the Old English term hagetes (also spelled hagtesse), meaning â€Å"witch† or â€Å"sorceress.† The second syllable, later misidentified as a mere suffix, was lopped off, but that’s the essential element; it’s probably related to words in other languages referring to demons or spirits, while hag is likely cognate with hedge. The significance of that term is that hedges were considered the boundary between civilization and the wild, and witches- and reclusive women with mysterious healing abilities who were sometimes accused of being witches- straddled both worlds. A term with a loose association, hagridden, refers to sleep paralysis, because of the belief that one’s sense of being immobilized while lying in bed was caused by a spirit bearing down on the sufferer; by extension, the term also means â€Å"tormented,† and the verb hagride means â€Å"torment.† Similarly, the rare adjective hagged originally meant â€Å"bewitched† and later acquired the sense of â€Å"gaunt,† due to the belief that such an appearance was the result of bewitchment. Haggard, originally meaning â€Å"unruly† or â€Å"wild,† is not directly related- it comes from the Old French phrase faulcon hagard (â€Å"wild falcon†)- but it’s a distant relation that acquired the sense of â€Å"worn† by association with hag. Other related words include the archaic noun haw, meaning â€Å"enclosure† (the first syllable of hawthorn), and hex, which originally referred to a witch but later came to apply to a witch’s spell. (Haggle has a separate derivation; it’s related to hack.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withWriting the Century25 Idioms with Clean

Aspects of British Culture

Aspects of British Culture Aspects of British Culture What is culture? Is it the language we speak, overall ethnicity in a region, or the simple customs of a daily routine? Culture is something we are all a part of whether we like it or not. Your family may have certain customs and routines. This is culture. In this research paper I will be analyzing British culture in four categories: history, ethnicity, customs, and also the future direction of British Culture. How did Britain become so rich in culture? Well Britain certainly did not just appear one day. The name of the country and the term â€Å"English† derive from the Old English word for one of the three Germanic Peoples that invaded the British Isles in the 5 th century (Countries and Their Cultures). The Angles â€Å"Britain† and â€Å"British† derive from a Roman Term for the inhabitants (Countries and Their Cultures). In fact, written records of British History do not exist until the arrival of the Romans (J.P. Dommerville). Be fore the arrival of the Romans, there is only archaeological evidence of Britain’s inhabitants (J.P. Sommerville). The earliest inhabitants of Britain for whom there is compelling evidence are bands of hunters living in Southern and Western England during the Hoxnian (J.P. Sommerville). Many peoples make up the rich history of British Culture. There were many immigrants that came to found The United Kingdom. Their genes still walk the grounds today. Just like America this country was founded, and made by immigrants from many different backgrounds. Like many cultures, there are different peoples whom make up the general ethnicity. British Culture is no exception to this understanding. Britain or the U.K. known to others is located in Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean, and the North Sea, northwest of France (UK – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette). The capital of the United Kingdom is London (UK – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette). The population is roughly 60, 766, 238 people; with an ethnic make-up of White, Black, Indian, Pakistani, Mixed, and Other (UK – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette). The White Population is composed of: 83.6% English, 8.6% Scottish, 4.9% Welsh, and 2.9% Northern Irish (UK – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette). The other ethnic populations are composed of: 2% Black, 1.8% Indian, 1.3% Pakistani, 1.2% Mixed, and 1.6% Other (UK – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette). As you can see, all of these different ethnicities will definitely impact culture. So what customs will follow this diverse cultural background? Many people may assume that British Culture is defined with scones and tea, or the rich writings of Shakespeare; however it is not like this at all. There are many customs that British people practice, that Americans or any other type of nationality may find odd. Many customs are a ssociated with the annual climate, and British Culture is once again no exception. The annual climate of the United Kingdom has temperatures that are moderated by southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current, and more than one-half of the days are overcast (UK – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette). The U.K. is also home to a constitutional monarchy (UK – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette). Although there is no defined official language due to the diverse cultural background, the primary language is English (UK – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette). About 70% of the population speaks English (UK – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette). Other languages that are frequently spoken include: Welsh, Irish, Ulster Scots, Cornish, Gaelic, and British Sign Language (UK – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette). The United Kingdom is comprised of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland (UK – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette). Now all of these countries share a common thing, and that is to address a person from a country properly. For instance, English and British do not mean the same thing (UK – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette). The term â€Å"British†, denotes someone who is from England, Scotland, Wales, or Northern Ireland (UK – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette). The term â€Å"English†, refers to people from England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland (UK – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette). People from different countries want to be known for what they are; another example is people from Scotland are identified as â€Å"Scots†. People from Wales are identified as â€Å"Welsh†. People from Northern Ireland are identified as â€Å"Irish† (UK – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette).

Health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Health care - Essay Example The Sage online dictionary defines health as ‘the general condition of body and mind’, as well as ‘A healthy state of well-being free from disease’ (The Sages Dictionary Online, 2012). This literal meaning assumes relative proportions when visualized through the glass of personal viewpoint on health, which might differ in individuals, or be heavily influenced by cultural and ethnic identity. A more comprehensive definition, as standardized and agreed upon by pertinent authorities in the World Health Organization (WHO), framed in the year 1946, states that ‘Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’ (Awofeso, 2012). The WHO bulletin claims that health was considered a divine gift in antiquity, until Hippocrates rationalized its comprehension as a physical state attained by following the basic tenets of sanitation and a good lifestyle. A more recent definition which includes the element of psychological health, with particular emphasis on human health, is the one given by Bircher, which states that health is a dynamic state of well-being characterized by a physical and mental potential, which satisfies the demands of life commensurate with age, culture, and personal responsibility (Bircher, 2005). The WHO definition has persisted for 60 years but has come under criticism due to the emergence of new patterns of illness due to the high number of aged persons in the world, who ironically survive due to better healthcare facilities developed over the years (Huber, Knottnerus, Green, et al 2011). Health promotion literally translates into any activity undertaken to maintain good health, as comprehended as a layperson. Technically, however, definition of the phrase is again provided by WHO which, in its Ottawa charter adopted in Geneva in the year 1986, states that ‘Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health’ (WHO,

Marketing For Non-profit Organizations Case Study

Marketing For Non-profit Organizations - Case Study Example Coming to the Political factors which can influence the museum, it was identified that the Mayor's commission on the inclusion of Asian and African settlers in London into the Heritage could play an instrumental role in deciding if the museum would get the required support from the Greater London Association (GLA) for its further needs. It could also play a role in making a political impression, which could go a long way in the museum's growth. The 2012 Olympics and its preparations were also taken into consideration while formulating the political factors. At this juncture when the Government of UK was looking forward to make rapid changes to the city of London in a big way and also promote tourism, it is an undisputable fact that the museums would directly be impacted from this move. The 2012 Olympics and the Government's preparations for it and also the modernization agenda of London would really help the museum sector in the long run. Likewise, the social factors were identified to be the literacy rate of the city, country and the constitution of the population. Around 28% of the population consisted of the Asians and Africans and it was clearly identified that there was a need to include and appreciate their services too. Hence, extensive SWOT and PEST analyses on the British museum and the museum sector as a whole and suggestions were made. Since the marketing audit is essentially divided into Internal and External m arket analyses, we classify strengths, weaknesses as the internal analysis of the museum. Likewise, we classify political, economic, social and technological factors as the external environmental condition for any organization. It is obvious that the external environment for the museum too plays a crucial role in the growth of the organization in the long run. Marketing Audit and Recommendations It is a well-known fact that the British museum in London is one of the world's greatest museums of human history and culture. Its collections, which number more than 13 million objects from all continents, illustrate and document the story of human culture from its beginning to the present. is a point of controversy whether museums should be allowed to possess artefacts taken from other countries, and the British Museum is notable target for criticism (Albert Gunther, 2003).The Elgin marbles and the Benin Bonzes are among the most disputed objects in its collections, and organisations have been formed demanding the return of both sets of artefacts to their native countries of Greece and Nigeria respectively. The British Museum has refused to return either set, or any of its other disputed items, stating that the "restitutionist premise, that whatever was made in a country must return to an original geographical site, would empty both the British Museum. The Museum has also argued th at the British Museum Act of 1963 legally prevents it from selling any of its valuable artefacts, even the ones not on display. Internal Environment Analysis The Weaknesses Lack of funds, has clearly paralyzed the prospects of development of the museum in a real big way. Under funding has clearly caused discontent among the employees of the organization. In fact there were instances when the employees had gone off their duties in order to protest the government's attitude towards the museum. At a time when

Business Across Borders Essay Example for Free

Business Across Borders Essay In the business world today, borders are blending and multi-national mergers are causing many company nationalities to become indistinct. As the globalization of markets rapidly increases, many companies are finding international expansion a necessity of competition. North America is greatly affected by this movement towards a global market, and many companies are finding it extremely important to adapt to other cultures. Favorable trade agreements and explosive growth of the middle class in countries once considered underdeveloped have both been important factors in the rush towards globalization. However, the most important factor in increased globalization has been technological advancements, including new transportation and information technologies. Presentation of information is more frequently processed by members of a virtual team a work group not necessarily in the same geographical location. With the proliferation of e-mail, videoconferencing, fax machine, and the telephone, virtual teaming is becoming increasingly efficient. The most considerable obstructions to successful international marketing involve misinterpretations and contrary views resulting from cultural differences. Being both aware of some of these issues and prepared to make the necessary accommodations can save companies time, effort, and a considerable amount of money. Exploring Context Context is described as the most important dimension of culture and yet is the most difficult to define. Context refers to the stimuli, environment, or ambiance surrounding an event. Communication styles and business practices as a whole are often identified with the context of a country. North American, Scandinavian, and German communicators are generally considered to be low-context cultures. They expect a high level of detail in their visua,l verbal and written communication. Low-context cultures tend to  be analytical, logical and find words and contracts very important. Individualism, freedom and personal achievement are highly valued by these cultures. High-context cultures, such as Japan, China, Arabia, tend to assume the receiver does not need much background. Information and words are not as important as what is surrounding the situation. They are more aware of a communicators status, interpersonal relationships, the setting, and ambiance when conducting business relations. In general, tradition and social customs are more important in high-context cultures. These cultures emphasize membership in organizations and groups. Because they avoid confrontation, they frown upon individual decision making and prefer consensus. Relationships In many countries personal relationships are the key to success. It is important to not expect to get down to business right away, but rather get to know a person first. In Mexico, for example, business deals are only made with friends, so one must develop a friendship with any business partner. It is considered polite to ask personal questions about family, and also to answer any questions about your family. Discussions are warm and friendly. In Japan it is unlikely to get very far without connections. Carefully chosen intermediaries are a necessity. Not only will the Japanese feel obliged to be loyal to them, but rank of ones associates will determine their status as well. A Japanese businessman will always consult within his group before making a decision. Because of their intense loyalty, ones identity is subsumed into the group. It is important to never single out a Japanese counterpart, even for praise or encouragement. Contrarily, the Spaniards have a hierarchy style of management and it is best to deal with el jefe or el pardon-the one who will be making the decision. Spaniards also will expect whomever they are dealing with to have decisions-making authority. Saving Face When dealing with Spain or most Asian cultures, it is also critical to understand the concept of saving face. Any loss of control of emotions or embarrassment is considered disastrous in business negotiations in these cultures. Honor and personal pride mean everything and they must not be insulted. Because of this attitude it is very important to carefully prepare presentations so that they are easy for the audience to understand. Paying close attention to determine if anything is misunderstood during the presentation is also a must. Because of this concept of saving face the presenter will not know if they are having difficulties. Close attention must be paid to conversations in order to discern the sincerity of what is being said. In Japan, a deal is never refused directly, and any dealings with Japanese business culture should remain indirect. Business Cards In nearly all countries, it is important that business cards be printed one side in English, and the other in their language. When presenting the card, it should be presented with their language facing the recipient. In Japan, the exchange of business cards is not to be taken lightly. When you receive the card of a Japanese businessman, be sure to make a show of examining it carefully and then making a remark about the card. Ask any questions about anything on the card which is difficult to pronounce or understand. The card should then be placed in a case or on a near by table. A card shouldnt be shoved into a pocket or be written on. Concepts of Time Time orientation is an important cultural difference that Americans must pay close attention to. In America, time is viewed as a precious commodity. Time is related with productivity, efficiency, and money. Many other countries have a much more relaxed perception of time. They take their time, and enjoy it. In Mexico you can ask if a scheduled appointment is en punto (the precise time), or mas o menos. Mas o menos appointments are often scheduled a half an hour to an hour before the actual time. With both  Mexican and Japanese cultures it is also important not to expect instant results. Plenty of time should be allowed for contemplation and decision making. In Mexico it is important to adjust any expectations regarding deadlines and efficiency. Conclusion Doing business over borders and through time zones has become commonplace in the twenty-first century. Technological advancements in communication and travel make it possible to do business across the globe almost instantaneously. Doing business with multiple cultures can be a challenging venture. International communication skills of an organization can determine success or failure. In order to interact with different cultures, it is necessary to understand the basic characteristics of the culture. This type of understanding helps to make adjustments and accommodations. We must rid our minds of pre-conceived notions, stereotypes, and prejudices. It is imperative that one be knowledgeable about such topics as: context, traditions, social rules, etc. It is equally important to possess competent listening skills and to be aware of ones own nonverbal messages. The ability to adapt to an intercultural perspective is probably one of the most crucial aspects of doing business in todays global village. Bibliography Sellin, Robert H. J and Elaine Winters. Cultural Issues in Business Communication. Berkeley: Program Facilitating and Consulting, 2000. Guffey, Mary Ellen. Business Communication: Process and Product, 4th ed. Mason, Ohio: South-Western, 2003 Etiquette and Local Customs. The Travelers Yellow Pages Online. http://www.infoservices.com/stpete/342.htm. InfoServices International, Inc., 2002 What to Know Before Negotiting Execitive Planet.com. http://www.executiveplanet.com/business-culture.html.

Willy Russells Educating Rita Essay -- Willy Russell Educating Rita E

Willy Russells "Educating Rita" Educating Rita is a play about a working class girl who is tired of her lifestyle and asks a university tutor to educate her in an attempt to change her ways her life. Her tutor, Frank, shows her the cultures and values of the middle class world as well as teaching her about literature even though he too is tired of his lifestyle. Rita forces herself to change and realises the damage she causes to herself, acting as someone she isn't. Willy Russel writes about the clash of cultures from each of the English classes. In the beginning of the play when Rita and Frank first meet, they hardly understand each other: 'Frank stares at Rita who stands by the desk Frank: You are? Rita: What am I? Frank: Pardon? Rita: What? Frank: (looking for admission papers) Now you are? Rita: I'm a what?' The way of speaking in each class is so alien to the other and both Rita and Frank are totally bemused. Willy Russell uses this to show how much each class is separated with the other and how little to do they have with each other, each representative of each class in the play is depicted as having made stereotypes of the other: 'Rita: Can I smoke? Frank: Tobacco? Rita: Yeh. Was that a joke?' And: 'Rita: You wouldn't watch ITV would y'? Its all BBC with you, isn't it? Frank: Well I must confess Rita: It's all right, I know. Soon as I walked I here I said to meself, 'Y' can tell he's a Flora man. Frank: A what? Rita: A Flora man. Frank: Flora? Flowers?' In these two passages in scene one, it is possible to see the stereotypes that both Rita and Frank have of each other. Frank thinks that Rita might want to smoke cannabis, and Rita initially thi... ...hat she hadn't said it. But she had. And that's why I came back', Rita feels that her family is acting in pointless ways, pretending to themselves, e.g. like her mother, and feels she cannot bear to keep living a lie and wants to be able live how she wants to live, but in the end realises her education may not have been as amazing for her as she thought, in the last scene she tells of her flatmate and how she resented her lifestyle, in the end trying to kill herself. Rita realised she didn't want just to be able to regurgitate quotes and empty phrases, but to be herself, to enjoy whatever aspects of each social class she wants. In conclusion, the message that Willy Russell is trying to convey is that the boundaries of social class can be broken, and the key to success is to be yourself and embrace individuality rather to conform to the sheep of society.

Macbeth and Ambition Essay

Ambition is a strong feeling of wanting to be successful in achieving a goal (Encarta Dictionary). An example of an ambition is in the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare. The main character, Macbeth is described as â€Å"not without ambition,† (Shakespeare, 1.5. 19) to become the king. Therefore, he has the drive, and he desires for the success of becoming the king. However, by achieving his goal and satisfying his ambition, the character’s soul and characteristics are gradually corrupted. As Macbeth satisfies his goal, he will change from being a kind natured person to someone who is ill. He will lose his honesty. He will also lose his holiness and begin to become evil. In Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, the theme, satisfying one’s ambition can lead to corruption of the soul, is demonstrated in Act 1, Scene 5, lines 15 – 33 through metaphor, alliteration, and connotation. The theme of satisfaction of one’s ambition leading to corruption is present in Act 1, Scene 5, lines 15-33 and can be seen through the use of metaphor. The author uses a metaphor to describe him as â€Å"full o’ th’ milk of human kindness,† (Shakespeare, 1.5.17). He compares Macbeth’s kindness to â€Å"full o’ th’ milk†. This implies that Macbeth is the most kind, sweet, and warm-hearted. He is complete with these characteristics. However, in order to satisfy his ambition, â€Å"The illness should attend it,† (Shakespeare, 1.5.20) Macbeth’s kindness will not be able to help him achieve his goal, so he must become ill. â€Å"Illness† has a negative connation, meaning morally bad, unkind, evil, or intending harm (Encarta Dictionary). By becoming ill, he will be corrupting his soul, changing his characteristics from good to bad. Through Macbeth’s character change from being kind, demonstrated by a metaphor, to being ill, the theme of satisfaction of an ambition leading to the corruption of the soul can easily be seen in Act 1, Scene 5, lines 15 – 33 of Macbeth. The theme of satisfaction of one’s ambition leading to corruption is present in Act 1, Scene 5, lines 15-33 and can also be seen through the use of alliteration. Lady Macbeth says Macbeth â€Å"wouldst not play false,† (Shakespeare, 1.5.21). This implies that Macbeth is honest, since he would never do false or lie. Lady Macbeth than uses alliteration to describe what must be done in order to achieve his ambition; he â€Å"wouldst wrongly win† (Shakespeare, 1.5.20) Every word in this phrase begins the sound â€Å"w†, making it an alliteration. These words have opposite connotations. The word, â€Å"wrongly† has a negative connotation, meaning mistakenly, and to fail to conform to ideas of morality or justice (Encarta Dictionary). On the other hand, winning has a more positive connotation, meaning victorious and succeeding (Encarta Dictionary). If Macbeth â€Å"wouldst wrongly win,† (Shakespeare, 1.5.20), he is succeeding amorally and mistakenly. He is not supposed to succeed in becoming the king and achieving his ambition because it is a mistake. He is winning without justice, or cheating. By winning, or achieving his ambition, he must cheat, losing his honest ways and become dishonest. His soul will become corrupt by becoming dishonest. Thus, Macbeth’s character change from being honest to being dishonest, displayed by alliteration, the theme of satisfaction of an ambition leading to the corruption of the soul can easily be seen in Act 1, Scene 5, lines 15 – 33 of Macbeth. The theme of satisfaction of one’s ambition leading to corruption is present in Act 1, Scene 5, lines 15-33 and can also be seen through the use of connotation. Lady Macbeth describes as someone who does, â€Å"holily† (Shakespeare, 1.5.20). The word â€Å"holily† has a positive connotation. By doing â€Å"holily†, he is virtuous, pure, serving God, and has morals (Encarta Dictionary). In order to satisfy his ambition, he must be involved with â€Å"metaphysical†, (1.5.32). This word has negative connotation because it is referring to the three witches that predicted Macbeth’s fate. These witches are related to Hecate, a goddess of witchcraft and evil (http://www.theoi.com). Since the three witches are working with the goddess of evil, their intentions are also evil. To satisfy his ambition, Macbeth must be involved with these evil beings. Macbeth will change from a person who does holily, pure, and does things related to God, to a person who is involved with evil beings. This illustrates the corruption of his soul. Therefore, Macbeth’s character change from being involved with God, and being pure to being involved with evil beings, displayed by connotation, the theme of satisfaction of an ambition leading to the corruption of the soul can easily be seen in Act 1, Scene 5, lines 15 – 33 of Macbeth. In Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, the theme, satisfying one’s ambition can lead to corruption of the soul, is demonstrated in Act 1, Scene 5, lines 15 – 33 through metaphor, alliteration, and connotation. The main character Macbeth changes from being kind to ill. He also loses his honesty and becomes a cheater. Macbeth also becomes a person who served God to a person who is involved to evil beings. Therefore, the theme satisfying your ambition leading to the corruption of the soul is present in Act 1, Scene 5, lines 15 – 33 through metaphor, alliteration, and connotation.

Critical analysis of safeguarding children Essay

A. Critical analysis of safeguarding children including legislation, policy and professional practice (4000 word – 100%): United Nations Convention on the Rights of the child (UNCR 1989), Article 1 defines a ‘child’ as a person below the age of 18. Law is used in order to legitimise society; children are deeply and permanently affected by the laws that are made and enforced by adults. Safeguarding and promoting the welfare of the children is based on â€Å"_protecting, preventing and ensure safety_† towards children, (Reference). Within society there are many professionals and agencies operated in order to protect and reinforce children’s rights. The language of safeguarding children came about with the advent of The Children Act 1989. The Children’s Act (1989) and (2004) are also legislation which states that those who work with children have priority to keep them safe. The Children’s Act 2004 focuses more on ‘integrating services around meeting the needs of children and their families’, which resulted in professionals working more closely together (DfES, 2004a). Measures which also are seen to be protecting the interests of the child, would be the European Convention on Human Rights and the United Convention on the Rights of the Child are seen to in-fact have ‘limited impact’ focusing less on the actual rights of the child and more on parental rights in respect of their children’s education (Blythe and Parkin, 1999, p. 118). Although children do not have any say in who will govern them, it is seen as essential for children to be protected within this integrated system we live in. Although professionals have the duty of the protection of children â€Å"_everyone who comes into contact with children and families has a role to play_†, any organisation or agency can work together in order to provide consistent support towards children (Web ref 1). Before moving forward with this essay it is important to establish the professional practice and case which will be used to analyse the child protection of children within the United Kingdom. The parental responsibility under the Children’s Act 1989 S3 (1) is defined as having ‘responsibilities’ rather than ‘rights’ in relation to children. However there have been many cases where the parents/career of child has been questioned. Social workers are called to look at the case, the duty of a  local authority social worker especially in the Children’s Act 1989 S17 (1) is seen to be a duty to investigate when there is cause to suspect that a child may be suffering or has been harmed. Social workers are going to be the focus in this essay in terms of professionals used to protect children and Victoria Climbià © case will also be the focus. Read Also:  Examples of Critical Analysis Essay Writing Social workers are seen as â€Å"mediators, aggressive intervener, interpreters and provider/ locator/ creator of resources in terms of the client’s needs†, in terms of roles which are played (Hollis, 1964). Most times dealing with social workers are not always at the request of the client, child protection is not the only option they also deal with â€Å"compulsory admission to mental health care and at the order of the criminal courts† (Lindsay, 2013, p. 2). Over the years, the complexity of work for practitioners advanced, which created _structural and organisational changes_ (web ref 2). After several years, the government therefore decided to use their agenda for children’s services onto the case of Victoria Climbià © (Laming, 2003). This essay will be based on the analysis of the safeguarding and protection of children and the issues which may come about doing so. Focusing on the work of Social workers in terms of child protection and how the effect ive safeguarding was lacked in the case of Victoria Climbià © (2000). The death of Victoria Climbià © came about in February 2000, aged eight years and three months; her abuse by her great aunt Marie-Therese Kouao and Kouao partner, Carl John Manning, was unknown although she had been seen by many different practitioners including health, police and social workers over the last ten months of her life. Her death sparked an influential inquiry into professional and policy failure which proved negative amongst children’s services, however promoted a change in publications and legislation within the UK as this case has created an overhaul to child protection procedures. As a result of the death of Victoria, Lord Laming highlighted in his evaluation of the professional practices surrounding Victoria’s case the importance of child services working and sharing information in order to protect children and protect them from harm. In his diagnostics of the ‘professional and systematic’ failures which contributed to Victoria’s death including many actors who failed to identify the abuse Victoria went  through. His report published in 2003, recommended 108 changes in which most of them being adapted into the Children Act 2004, as well as the creation of the 2003 green paper Every Child Matters. The professional role of social workers will be analysed critically in collaboratively working to safeguard children. Under the Children Act 1989 and Children Act 2004 practitioners have the responsibility to ‘_Safeguard and promote the welfare of children who are in need’_ as they help prevent children from being in a vulnerable state by a career who can no longer or should not be looking after them. Within the Victoria Climbià © case, social workers were described as â€Å"incompetent† (web ref 3). It was found that the main social worker of this case, Lisa Arthurworrey, was responsible for the death of Victoria, for falling to recognise the abuse. However, Arthurworrey claimed that social workers had not received the ‘_correct guidelines’_ from management until after Victoria’s death (Batty, 2004). It is seen that children tend to have better outcomes where there is evidence of careful assessment of their needs. Social workers try to work together with the services provided in order for early intervention. Assessment is seen to be the foundation of all effective intervention, as it establishes the human needs, evidence would need to be grounded. Services are needed to be provided in the situation of risk and need, accurate and realistic assessment from the relevant professional to ensure all the appropriate information of that certain case needs to be undertaken before ‘Judgements and decisions are made about action and resources’ (Adams and Dominelli et al., 2002, p. 209) The safety of a child is paramount with a social workers role, the Children’s Act 1989 centralises this. The act has focused on the importance of assessment of need/risk of the child and focusing on the arrangements of services inter-connecting for the Protection of Children. Policy and legislation has changed over the years regarding safeguarding children as it was seen that before the policies and practices were more concerned with family support welfare (Audit Commission, 1994: Department of Health, 1995). It was seen that the focus was set to be more of a ‘_change_’  of the work, for the result of child welfare approach principles being able to dominate. It was established that the significance being based on supporting children and families within the community and coercive of intervention and policing being kept to a minimum. The enactment of the 1989 Children’s Act shows tension between policy and practice over time When the Act was passed, the pressure on the child protection system had been raising, as well as the number of referrals and children being brought into care. The problems which have been faced before the act was even passed had not been resolved. Inquiries and reports contained details of how professionals surrounding the children had failed to produce a reaction from failure to communicate with one another. The act was enforced to establish the threshold criteria for child protection inquires and to ensure child as centre in terms of court proceedings. At the same time the Act, enforced guidance and important of the birth family and establishing principles for child care practices, working with family and professionals and the importance of working with family and protection of them as well as protecting children from harm (Allen, 2005; Department of Health [Doh], 1989). The safeguarding agenda continued into the 1990’s, introducing agencies and programmes such as Sure Start and the Children’s Fund. Significant legislation continued with Crime and Disorder Act 11998 and the Adoption and Children Act 2002, which policy also developed with the introduction of Framework for _the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families_ (DoH et al., 2000). This was implemented within local authorities in 2001, which establishes guidance about the conduct of assessment prompted on social workers due to the case of Victoria Climbià ©. The safeguarding agenda was later implicated by the Victoria Climbià © case which introduced _Every Child Matters (_ECM) Framework, including the establishment of Local Children’s Safeguarding (Chief Secretary to the Treasury, 2003, para 1.12; Laming 2003). The initiative was introduced as part of Laming’s actions onn the death of Victoria, which involved efforts to ensure that no child is being ignored by improved services, through  shared information within different professionals and these professionals working alongside another which also included the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) – based on renewed measures of tackling social exclusion ensuring each child’s have their voices heard. Victoria horrific death which arose due to the hands of the great aunt and partner reaffirmed the framework which aimed for every young child to have the best chance in life to achieve their full potential. While responding to the death of Victoria, the Green Paper ECM providing ‘thinking and legislative’ framework that would further broaden the scope for prevention and early intervention which was seen to be the central aim of ensuring well-being of all children. This is shown in the outcome statement of ECM (DfES, 2004). Children should achieve economic well being Be health Enjoy and achieve Make a positive contribution Stay safe These categories are far from the narrow visions of how child protection should work from how it was the 1980’s and 1990’s, showing how advanced the agenda has advanced to ensure better services. These aims show the attempts the Government have in order to achieve a more proactive and guarding service for children and families. However even with this in place, it is seen that the agenda within the UK can be seen to be wavered in terms of the ‘local implantation failure’ within society as Victoria Climbe case demonstrates rather than actual policy. The Victoria Climbià © Inquiry report established the conflicts of agents working together as they failed to link small factors which would have led to realise she was being abused. It established that there were key opportunities which could have taken place to help intervene to help  Victoria. None of the professionals who had seen Victoria questioned why she had not been attending school or had not been registered with a GP. Victoria was seen by Dr. Schwartz who failed to spot evidence of the 8 year Old’s abuse, asserted her view that due to the due of the essential ‘interpretative nature of inter-professional communication’, Victoria was ignored. Schwartz claimed the injuries were evident as scabies infection, this opinion which previously as scabies infection, this opinion which previously contracted a locum registrar, Dr Ajayi-Obe who had the view that she had been physically abused. But the consultant claimed she did not consider it necessary to take a case history, despite her child protection concerns as she expected social services to investigate the girls circumstances (Batty, 2001). Lord Laming asserts in his evaluation of the professional; practices surrounding Victoria’s case, in order for children to be adequately safeguarded, information within agencies has to be improved. Each agency needs to prioritise passing information to another agency and the recipients should query any points of uncertainty. In the words of the two hospital consultants who had Victoria, â€Å"_I cannot query for the way other people interpreted what I said. It was not the way I would have liked it to have been interpreted_† (Dr Ruby Schwartz) â€Å"_I do not think it was until I have re-read this letter that I appreciated quite the depth of misunderstanding_† (Dr Mary Rossiter). This shows how Victoria was in the middle of miscommunication which was the downfall to her safety (Laming, 2003) While analysing about statements, it is obvious the lack of communication and misunderstanding was apparent, making it obvious to see how Laming came to this view. It is clear that action to safeguard Victoria non-existent; she was caught up in the dysfunctional ‘_gatekeeping’_ practices in Brent Social Services. Actions to safeguard Victoria were hindered due to the undetected and failing practice of the institutions in which she was involved in. Within society, children are seen as needing protecting from economic and social structures. It is seen that social meanings in society differ depending on different risks and needs, this is apparent within the ECM agenda with the policy documents. Negatively views as the child being  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœcitizen-worker-of-the-future’ (Williams, 2004, p.408). It is seen that the child’s view is being ignored, from their views which were expressed in the ECM consultation process- which emphasized on extra-curricular activities and spaces for children (DfES). This is seen as common within policy-making and how children are being constructed within the society we live in. Rather than being seen as children practising to become adults, children are viewed as not be able to know ‘what is rational because they cannot yet see what rational’ (Archard, 1993, p.g6). Therefore children are always seen as being needed to be developed and protected by the capital. Some would say that within different agencies some practitioners within different agencies are not aware with the understanding of how different services defer depending on different level of need. This can be a problem as children and families could be given the wrong type of service. Guidance from ‘Early Intervention Securing Good Outcomes for Children’ (DCSF, 2010) saw early intervention as not relating ‘_exclusively to intervening younger ages’_ but tackling issues ‘as they arise, whatever the age of the child or young age’. Early intervention is used in order to safeguard children is demonstrated by ‘_research studies and cost-benefit analysis’_ (Easton and Gee, 2012) Policies within the government seem to have progressed towards early intervention. Not only due to the safety of children, but was due to economic grounds of children’s failure to secure necessary skills, qualifications and moral ideas for their future. Soon the government decided to show-case their concerns for children having future problems with employability and criminality, therefore introducing the framework for education _Birth to Three Matters_ in 2002 (DfES), to confirm that no child is exempt from developmental prescription. This is relevant to safeguarding children in the sense that with the frameworks, children who are seen to be ‘in conflict’ with the law or seen as threatening and as such forfeit their right to be ‘safe-guarded’ although those are children who may need protection the most. According to ‘Working Together to Safeguard Children’ (2010) a document  released by the government based on a guide for organisations and individuals who need to work together to safeguard children. In regards to thresholds and assessment the document established, the Local Safeguarding Children Boards (LSCB) should take part in local arrangements for taking common assessment and use the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) when appropriate. They came about to ensure practice work in place that aims to target particular groups by ‘developing/evaluating thresholds and procedures for work where children and families where a child has been identified as ‘in need’ under the Children Act 1989†². Also, that ‘local arrangements’ are taken for common assessment while using CAF and be aware when it is possible to refer a possible child in need to children’s social care services, this is enforced by the Children’s Trust board, wor king with the LSCB. The Common Assessment Framework was developed as a standard tool for all professionals working with children and families, used for assessment and referral purposes (Department for Education and Skills [DfES], 2006a, 2006b), all this in the hope of professionals working effectively through communication and shared information. As the government has come up with the aim of bringing child welfare to a common understanding within different agencies and professionals, the introduction of CAF is designed to illuminate this. CAF was designed in order to focus on the needs and strengths rather than ‘concerns’ for children within these services. Professionals have been encouraged to educate strengths, needs action and solutions for children across three domains derived from the Framework for Assessment of Children and Need and their Families (DoH, 2004): ‘_Development of unborn baby, infant or young children’, ‘Parents and carers’_ and ‘F_amily and environmental’._ As the CAF is evidence based, which can make the completed CAF very hard to understand, even for experienced child welfare professionals (White et al., 2008). As the need for Child Care services has increased, in total, between April 2011 and January 2012 Cafcass, received 10,199 new applications – 10.8% higher when compared to the same period last financial year (Rogers and Evans, 2012). This shows that the manner in which the 1989 Children’s Act is being applied effectively within the country; agencies are acting faster and  more effectively in ensuring vulnerable children are being removed from neglect and abusive households, therefore due to a more rapidly and responsive assessment and awareness, professionals of leaving a care are the cause of higher numbers of applications. Children’s Care prioritizes care for those circumstances such were the family or child are in such serious danger. According to North Yorkshire Safeguarding Children Board these are the key responsibilities for Children’s Care (web ref 1): Assess, plan and provide support to children in need, particularly those suffering or likely to suffer significant harm; Make enquiries under Section 47 of the Children Act 1989 wherever there is reason to suspect that a child in its area is at risk of significant harm; Provide a Key Worker for every child subject to a Child Protection Plan; Ensure that the agencies who are party to the protection plan coordinate their activities to protect the child; Convene regular reviews of the progress of any child subject to a Child Protection Plan through both Core Group and Child Protection Conference Review meetings; Instigate legal proceedings where required. In order to provide effective service, professionals must be prepared to seek an understanding from other practitioners, from other organisations in order to form phrases which have little meaning and result in the use of habitualization. (White et al., 2008) In order to assess the participation within parents and child it is important to use CAF to assess the children and to identify needs (Department for Education and Skills, 2005). Parenting is held to be important for the life  chances of all children, although in reality parenting interventions are focused upon the poorest parents (Goldson and Jamieson, 2002). Safeguarding children requires the need to ensure that the child is in best hands in terms of carers for them. Carers who are seen to be of a negative light within society, this weighs heavily on each child, as each child depends on someone to look after them as they are vulnerable. The condition of children who are incapable of acting for their best interests justifies the need of carers; policies are put into place to ensure the rights and power between parents and child. Parents in acting in behalf of their children, but it also constitute such tutelage as a duty (Archard, 1993, p. 7) Due to the Adoption and Children Act 2002, which emphasized how agencies have a duty to assess harm whenever domestic violence was present, the increase of cases referred to Children Protection Registers etc. because of domestic violence was paramount. However it is seen that although there is an increase in cases of domestic violence being assessed properly, evidence of services which protect them have not been increasing resulting in these services having to consider what can be done to improve their response with the current budgets. The importance of working with parents and child in order to achieve the best outcome is vital as it ensures effective help has been used. Working in partnership with parents is needed as working with parents is shown through the Children Act 1989. ‘supporting families, when necessary, to bring up their children and working in partnership with parents whose circumstances may be difficult is at the heart of our Children Act’ (Department of Health 1995a, p.1) Many other acts support working in partnership with parents, such as the green paper Every Child Matters as it encourages the involvement of agencies and support through early intervention not only through child protection work but others also. However, with these multi-agencies working together to helping and empowering parents, some families are seen to be reluctant to receive these services which has some negative effects on safeguarding children. It is seen that some workers draw back from negative threats of violence or intimidation and many plans that were supposed to do undergo have not and therefore left unchallenged. This is evident in the  death of Ainlee Labonte in 2002, through the negative behaviour of her parents who refused to cooperate with the agencies offered to them, workers often ‘froze’ which therefore hindered their ability to follow through with referrals, assessments or plans (Brandon et al, 2008, p.96) Referring to parents power and participation with children and professionals it is also important to establish how the Adoption and Children Act 2002 contributed to a further amendment to the Children Act 1989 in respect of fathers’ parental responsibility. This refers to all professionals working with children should know the parental responsibility; it previously contained information which hindered unmarried fathers access to their children. This act put in place has ensured that the child’s interest were key and not just the interests of the government, with social workers looking at adults in a family who had real relationships with their children. The current situation is that the following have parental responsibility The child’s mother The child’s father if they are married to mother The child’s unmarried father if registered on the child’s birth certificate Someone who adopts child Someone who becomes the child’s guardian on the mother’s death etc. Overall, it is important to establish the importance of safeguarding children with the UK. With cases such as Victoria Climbià ©, which emphasized the lack of good professional practice has led to many different changes. Although some would say these changes are not always implemented everywhere. Practitioners have a key role in ensuring the process of communication between different organisations and professions, which the acts and policies such as the Children Act 2004 and Every Child Matters, the integration of children services can be practised to ensure protection for children and  families. It is seen that in order to improve the outcome of children, services should monitored more closely to ensure the outcomes for children are ones we expect. With the services being more effective and the commitment of inter-agencies working together, the aims can all be achieved. BIBLOGRPAHY Adams, R. C., Dominelli, L. and Payne, M. 2002. _Social Work: themes, issues and critical debates_. Basingstoke: Palgrave. Allen, N. (2005) _Making Sense of the Children Act 1989_. Chichester: Wiley. Archard, D. 1993. _Children: Rights and Childhood_ London: Routledge. Pg 7 Audit Commission (1994) Watching Their Figures. London: HMSO Batty, D. 2001. _Climbià © doctor admits errors put girl at risk_. [Online] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/society/2001/oct/12/5 [Accessed: 15 Jan 2014]. Batty, D. 2004. _Climbià © social worker admits mistakes_. [Online] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/society/2004/sep/02/childprotection.socialcare [Accessed: 10 Jan 2014]. Blythe, E. and Parkin, W. 1999._Children, child abuse and child protection_. Chichester: Wiley. 118 Brandon, M., Beldonerson, P., Warren, C., Howe, D., Gardner, R., Dodsworth, J. and Black, J. (2008) _Analysing Child Deaths and Serious Injury Through Abuse and Neglect: What Can We Learn?_ London: Department for Children, Schools and Families Chief Secretary to the Treasury (2003_) Every Child Matters_, Cm 5860, London: The Stationery Office Commission Audit (1994) Seen But Not Heard: Coordinating Community Health and Social Services for Children in Need, London, HMSO DCSF (2010) Early Intervention Securing Good Outcomes for Children, London, HMSO Department for Education and Skills (dFES) (2004a) Every Child Matters: Change for Children, Nottingham: DfES Publications Department for Education and Skills. (2005) The Common Assessment Framework, London: The Stationery Ofï ¬ ce. Department of Health (1989) An introduction of The Children Act 1989, London, HMSO Department of Health (1995a) Child Protection: Messages from Research, London, HMSO. Department of Health (2000) Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their families, London, HMSO Easton, C. and Gee, G. (2012). Early intervention: informing local Goldson, B. and Jamieson, J. (2002) _Youth Crime, the ‘Parenting Deficit’ and State Intervention: A Contextual Critique._ Youth Justice vol 2 issue 2 pp 82-99 Hollis, F. 1964 _Casework: a psychosocial therapy_. 2nd edition. New York: Random House Laming, H. 2003. _The Victoria Climbià ©ÃŒ  Inquiry_. [London]: Stationery Office. Lindsay, T. 2013. Social work intervention. London: SAGE/Learning Matters. practice (LGA Research Report). Slough: NFER. White, S., Hall, C. and Peckover, S. (2008) ‘_the descriptive tyranny of the common assessment framework: Technologies of categorization and professional practice in child welfare’_, British Journal of Social Work. Advance access available at: DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcn05 WEB REFERNCES Web ref 1: Workingtogetheronline.co.uk. 2013. _Introduction_. [online] Available at: Web ref 2: http://www.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/DMS/Document.ashx?czJKcaeAi5tUFL1DTL2UE4zNRBcoShgo=gyno%2FsYRZeuFOe%2Fc8Y03G13Bv1kM9hiu4Kq8CG9iPaxmLOgFg3emoQ%3D%3D&mCTIbCubSFfXsDGW9IXnlg%3D%3D=hFflUdN3100%3D&kCx1AnS9%2FpWZQ40DXFvdEw%3D%3D=hFflUdN3100%3D&uJovDxwdjMPoYv%2BAJvYtyA%3D%3D=ctNJFf55vVA%3D&FgPlIEJYlotS%2BYGoBi5olA%3D%3D=NHdURQburHA%3D&d9Qjj0ag1Pd993jsyOJqFvmyB7X0CSQK=ctNJFf55vVA%3D&WGewmoAfeNR9xqBux0r1Q8Za60lavYmz=ctNJFf55vVA%3D&WGewmoAfeNQ16B2MHuCpMRKZMwaG1PaO=ctNJFf55vVA%3D [Accessed: 02 Jan 2014]. Web 3: Batty, D. 2001. _Climbià © doctor admits errors put girl at risk_. [online] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/society/2001/oct/12/5 [Accessed: 15 Jan 2014]. http://www.workingtogetheronline.co.uk/chapters/intro.html [Accessed: 18 Dec 2013]. Safeguardingchildren.co.uk. 2014. _Section 2: Agency Roles and Responsibilities_. [online] Available at: http://www.safeguardingchildren.co.uk/section-2-procedures.html [Accessed: 02 Jan 2014]. Rogers, S. and Evans, L. 2012. _Children taken into care: why are the figures rising?_. [online] Available at:

Plastic Surgerys Miracles and Tragedies

Plastic Surgerys Miracles and Tragedies Free Online Research Papers Plastic surgery is a medical specialty that seeks to improve appearance with the restoration of lost, injured, defective, or misshapen parts of the body by the transfer of tissue. Ever since plastic surgery’s conception in the 5th century, it has become one of the fastest growing medical fields. While some people take this medical branch seriously and use it to improve defective parts of the body caused by accidents or birth deformities, most people have a lighter definition of this serious medical science, they seem to think that it is only to improve ones beauty or to defeat aging. This is why plastic surgery is so popular today; today’s society demands perfect men and women, these people try to have the ideal bodies shown on television, magazines, but by going to far andor being uninformed might cause tragedies, even death. However, I believe that with the proper use and treatment, plastic surgery can cause miracles and change ones life. Today many people think that plastic surgery is performed with plastic; however, this is not true, â€Å"plastic† derives from the Greek word â€Å"plastikos†, meaning to mold or to give form. Although most of the innovations of this field are 20th century, the first documented plastic surgery started in India in the 5th century AD. The first procedures, more similar to reconstructive surgery, involved skin flaps and skin graphs to reconstruct face mutilations. The nose, as a symbol of respect and dignity in this area, was a common example of reconstruction; one of the first successful surgeons of early reconstruction was Susrutu Samhita. Later, after World War I, soldiers with terrible face injuries where having face reconstruction and lifts by surgeon Hollander. The first cosmetic surgery paper was published in 1906 by Miller, an American surgeon who was then described as an unethical practitioner. Furthermore, many of the first cosmetic operations were performed by u nqualified doctors and practitioners that often led to tight and tense skin faces, leaving no slack for movement because they were removing too much amount of skin. On the other hand, many other surgeons were introducing successful innovations but â€Å"It took a long time for the pioneers of this specialty to be accepted even by the medical community†(Sharma 270). For example, since 1980, liposuction was initially a procedure that caused a high level of blood loss, but Jeffrey Klein in 1987 introduced the tumescent technique that involved the infiltration of a solution with dilute amount of lidocaine and epinephrine before surgery. However, his technique, with 29-39% of blood loss difference was slowly adopted over the years. Now, plastic surgery is still growing to the extent where it is becoming a mayor issue in today’s society, and many problems are erupting. In order for plastic surgery to be a success, patients and general population must know the difference between â€Å"going under† procedures and cosmetic treatments because most believe that having plastic surgery is as simple as the application of some special type of facial cream. Many procedures not requiring anesthesia such as facial exfoliations, botox and collagen injections are performed by plastic surgeons and hardly have bad outcomes, but when anesthesia is used, complications increase because most patients go under anesthesia for hours. Furthermore, a plastic surgeon must know how many procedures can be done during a single operation without risking the patient’s life. It is normal to have more than one procedure done at a single operation, but it prolongs recovery and increases the time a patient is anesthetized. Many people are unaware of the risks of anesthesia; it is one of the major causes of problems during operations. For example, Goldsmith chose the be st board-certified plastic surgeon royalties could buy and had the operation at a respected hospital, but she still had a bad reaction to anesthesia. Although not sure, her death might have happened during an emergency appendectomy. One reason that makes plastic surgery so popular is that body improvements may, in fact, raise one’s salary not because people after plastic surgery operations look better, but because their improvements in appearance boost up their self-esteem and confidence, so they become more sociable people and work with more energy; this, eventually can lead to promotions. However, in China people see appearance as the factor for raising earnings. Another reason for this popularity today is the model image that society demands. As described in television, commercials and magazines, the one with the best looks will be the one who is most successful in their social life, sex life and financial life. This attitude seems to be on the rise. From 1992 to 1997 the number of people having plastic surgery has tripled; in addition, the number of women having breast augmentation, between the years of 1992-2001, has increased 533% from 32,607 to 206,354, next was liposuction with a 313% increase in 10 years (47,212 to 195,135). Other procedures with substantial increases were tummy tuck, with a 231% increase, forehead lift with a 229% and eyelid surgery with a 137%. From 2000-02 the amount of procedures equaled out, but in 2003 they started to rise again even faster than the years before. However the most popular procedures remained the same ones during the 4 years: rhinoplasty with an average of 367,751 patients, liposuction with 308,094, eyelid surgery with 260,758 and breast augmentation 230,852 patients. Besides trying to look the best, another challenge men and women have is the prevention of aging. Most causes of body deterioration which strips away our beauty is due to is gravity, ultraviolet rays, natural forces, lifestyle and even genetics; when we sometimes hear â€Å"she’s got good genes† people are referring to genes that determine if, for example, a person will have dry or moist skin, the amount of collagen, the bone structure, etc. A person with dryer skin is more likely to show more aging features before the one with moist skin; therefore, these people take measures others wouldn’t. Although we cannot reverse our chronological age, we can reverse the more important measures of our biological and psychological age - and by doing so can regain the physical and emotional vitality we had in the past, (Schoenhals, 48) Thus, most people consider taking risks to defeat aging and become young again. U.S. surgeons even offer voice lifts to people who want the ir vocal cords tightened, to make them sound as young as plastic surgery made them look. The people that want to change their bodies get the courage to actually follow though with the changes and operations, by watching television programs such as I want a famous face, extreme makeover and plastic surgery before and after. Such programs make a patient’s transformation look unrealistically fast and easy. As Lianne George states, â€Å"Typical episodes consist of tears, unnaturally handsome doctors, a five-minute healing montage, a new hairdo and frenetic squeals of joy.†(40) What audience only sees is the positive side and does not know about the suffering that really happens behind the camera. Two patients from I want a famous face, Matt and Mike Schlepp, 20-year-old twins wanted to look like actor Brad Pitt so much that they got nose jobs, cheek and chin implants, and porcelain dental veneers totaling more than $22,000.Although they ended up liking their knew image, they were disappointed that they did not look like Brad Pitt. On the other hand, there are television programs that are trying to send messages that people can be â€Å"redone† without going under the knife. One of these programs, The Biggest Loser, a reality show, consists of 2 teams of 6 people with a personal trainer. Their objective is to undergo physical challenges and temptations to lose as much weight as possible. After each weak the team that loses the least has to eliminate one of their members, and the one that finally wins, is the one that lost the most weight the biggest loser becomes the biggest winner (NBC in Oldenburg). Some people think that shows like this give courage and help overweight people become healthier by losing weight using good methods, but such programs suggest that being a little overweight is a mayor problem and affects adolescents in a critical way. Performing plastic surgery on adolescents is becoming more accepted. However, plastic surgeons are having problems in deciding whether or not to perform these procedures during the period of rapid physical and psychological development of their patients. On the other hand, plastic surgery may offer benefits to adolescents with psychological problems because of body deformities. These doctors feel that the altering of the deformities before the adolescents end up as adults with out self esteem, will be a worthwhile endeavor. A study has asked questions and compared adolescents with a general dissatisfaction of their body and adolescents in the general population. From 1995 to 1997, adolescents aged 12 to 22 years, 275 adolescents applied for plastic surgery in the south-western region of The Netherlands, and 35 did not undergo because of being overweight or for financial reasons. (Simis, Verhulst and Koot 671) N= number of adolescents aplicating per procedure. The responses of the questions that were asked in the study show that adolescents have a realistic attitude towards their appearance, they are psychologically healthy, but are dissatisfied about the body parts that they are considering for operation (chart). However, introverted patients may need more attention from plastic surgeons during the psychosocial assessment. Plastic surgery can be life altering because irreversible changes in ones body and life attitude occur, so the patient must know for sure what heshe is about to do. In addition, the patient must have realistic expectations, choose the most adequate procedures and have in mind the risk at all time. The doctor also must know the patient’s psychological position before selecting himshe as a patient; for instance, a woman that is obsessed with larger breasts and thinks that a larger size will change the world for her, is more likely to never be satisfied with her body; thus, she will take risks and extreme measures to try to be perfect, so the doctor must be cautious when he chooses this type of patients. They also must know the real reason why they are having operations and changes to their body. If the patient’s decision is based on different reasons other than improving hisher body, the operation could make that person feel worse with herselfhimself and be unhappier with the new body. Such reasons that should not lead to plastic surgery are believing that a new nose will turn one’s face into a famous face, hoping that larger breasts will attract a new handsome boyfriend, or thinking that a smooth stomach will revive a sagging marriage. Thus, â€Å"Before permitting any surgeon to adjust your physical profile, you must first adjust your psychological profile.†(Sharma 270) Even some doctors do not take plastic surgery serious. Statistics say that there more than 200,000 malpractice suits over the past 10 years. Many of these doctors who are not qualified in cosmetic skin surgery, or trained as plastic surgeons accept plastic surgery appointments at a lower price; Furthermore, some even practice illegal procedures. For instance, models who can not afford expensive buttock implants take serious risks to have a similar outcome by injecting the buttock area with silicone bought at hardware shops. Consequently, many of these women die because the silicone gets clogged in arteries and veins, not allowing the cells to receive oxygen. Even famous people suffer from these terrible malpractises; Elaine Young, ex-wife of the actor Gig Young, had silicone injected into her cheeks instead of silicone implants, but the silicone traveled to her brain and almost killed her. She had to undergo 46 reconstructive surgeries to correct the damage, but her face was so sever ely paralyzed that she will never be able to smile again. Then she realized that even if doctors are from Beverly Hills and have fancy offices, doesn’t mean they are qualified. Elaine later made a successful campaign to ban the use of silicone in plastic surgery, and the doctor ended up committing suicide. In addition, many of these unqualified doctors allow other surgery procedures to be performed in un-sanitized areas such as offices and other non-surgical rooms. For instance, a common procedure known as â€Å"botox parties† consist of a group of men and women waiting in a room, wile every 15 minutes one is called in to an office where the botox injections are done. It is performed in groups because once botox is opened and diluted, it must be used within four hours. Botox procedures are injections of Botulinum Toxin Type A in the forehead muscles; this protein complex interferes with the muscle contraction and smoothes out forehead wrinkles and frown lines. Even tho ugh this treatment is not permanent, injecting the wrong amount of protein or in the wrong facial area the patient can end up with droopy eyelid muscles or other side effects such as headache, respiratory infection, flu syndrome, and nausea for weeks. However, botox injections are becoming more popular, in fact, in 2000 and 2001 approximately 821,378 people per year received injections, in 2002 1,1 million people and in 2003, almost 3 million people had botox injections. To look for the right doctor, patients usually select the first one in the yellow pages or the closest one, but they should put more serious effort into their search because heshe is going to perform operations that may cost their life, if the surgeon is not qualified with at least an M.S. or M.D. However, overall, plastic surgery with the proper measures is an advance in today’s world. Even though some people criticize legal plastic surgery procedures with qualified doctors such as breast implants because they claim that they produce breast cancer, studies by researchers prove that women’s mortality rate with implants are lower than the rate of women without implants. The study looked for of all kinds of cancers in women with implants and in women who had plastic surgery not involving implants, and followed all women for 13 years. As a result, women with implants had a lower mortality rate, but they were more likely to die from brain cancer and committing suicide. The authors said that these cases are not related to exposure to silicone, but are due to factors common in the lifestyle of women who choose to have implants. Secondly, plastic surgery is a great improvement to the lives of men, women and even children who were born with deformities or suffered accidental injuries because their bodies can be reconstructed. In these cases plastic surgery can cause miracles for people that thought they would never look â€Å"normal† again. In extreme cases, plastic surgery can even save ones life. For instance, before plastic surgery, infants that are born with rare skull deformities would die from cerebrospinal fluid leakage or infection, but if these infants are operated on while their skull tissue is still flexible, plastic surgeons can reconstruct their skull so they can live a normal life. Another example is Terri Rodriguez; She was diagnosed with breast cancer on both breasts. Instead of choosing kimerotherapy she chosed breast reconstruction. Her procedure involved taking out cancerijous tissue and replacing it with skin that was left from a tummy-tuck. The operations were a success, she had n o cancer, and she even got a smooth tummy. In conclusion, the young beautiful image that society demands is one of mayor causes of plastic surgery’s popularity today. This surgical branch can turn around the life of people with deformities and mutilations, but only with the right attitude, qualified plastic surgeons and the correct knowledge. If improper use, over usage and malpractise then irreversible accidents occur that even lead to death. Research Papers on Plastic Surgery’s Miracles and TragediesRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanGenetic EngineeringMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesLifes What IfsQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Fifth Horseman